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Table 1 Acceptability & Appropriateness Testing by Stakeholder Group

From: Human-centered implementation research: a new approach to develop and evaluate implementation strategies for strengthening referral networks for hypertension in western Kenya

  Acceptability
  Theme Patients Clinicians/Administrators
Peer Support Improved Patient Experience Peer navigators may address inefficiencies and delays during referrals Peer navigators will help patients navigate unfamiliar health facilities
Stigma Peer navigators may reduce perceived bias and judgement by clinic staff through accompanying patients and orienting them to the new health facility Patients may feel uncomfortable disclosing personal health information to other community members (Peer navigators, who are not seen as health professionals)
Integrating Peer Navigators into local clinics Due to regional differences in culture and language, patients referred to a different facility (in a different community) may not feel comfortable or trust their receiving peer Nurses and administrators currently help facilitate referrals, and there may be conflict when peers come in to assume this role
HIT Package Information Sharing Between Facilities Referral information (including clinical data) can be available to clinicians at facilities across the health system Electronic forms must be streamlined and user-friendly, as clinicians have encountered inefficient forms in the past
HIT Reliability (No patients commented on HIT reliability) The intervention would need a backup so that data is not lost and the core functionality of referral navigation may proceed in the event of power or network outage
  Appropriateness
  Theme Patients Clinicians/Administrators
Peer Support Capacity of Peer-based Education Peer navigators may provide patient education on hypertension on multiple occasions during referral process Patients with hypertension may be inappropriate peer support providers as they may be older, harder to retain, and less familiar with technology; in addition, these patients lack formal health training necessary to provide peer support (participants advocated for use of Community Health Volunteers
Prohibitive Costs Without transport or funds, referral barriers may still be insurmountable for patients Patients may not complete referrals without providing transport, incentives, and/or peer accompaniment
Peer Navigator Accessibility Peer navigators may be inaccessible or unreachable when needed by patients Concerns that peer navigators may be difficult for patients to locate at busy facilities like MTRH
Peer-Clinician Information Sharing (No patient comments on appropriateness of Peer-Clinician Interactions) Peer navigators will effectively relay clinical information between clinicians at different facilities during referrals
HIT Package Centralized Data Storage (No patient comments on appropriateness of HIT tools) Referral data is stored centrally and can be accessed via tablet by referring or receiving clinicians
Integration Barriers with Existing Record System Clinical information must be accessible no matter what health record system is used, meaning that the intervention must integrate all existing systems